Economics is a popular subject. It is also an applied science. Many activities of our daily life are related with economics. Economics has also significant role in national and international news. Economics is offered as a subject not only in humanities and social sciences but also in management, education and law. That could be the main reason why many students are attracted towards studying economics.

The Revised Edition of Principles of Economics, which is now in your hand, is also designed for economics students of higher secondary level (Class XI) with required changes as per the current syllabus of Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) of Nepal, and suggestions and comments made by students, teachers and general readers. We hope that this book will now be more useful to the students and other readers to study introductory economics. The basic objective of this book is to guide students through the entire course of XI level economics, as prescribed by the HSEB, in a simple manner. This book is written in lucid language so that the targeted readers can easily understand the contents of this book.

CONTENT COVERAGE The course details of XI level economics are composed of three categories—basic economic concepts, Nepalese economy, and quantitative techniques in economics—divided into various units and sub-units. This book covers all units and sub-units of each of these categories, but organized differently. There are altogether sixteen chapters in this book. The first four chapters (Chapter 1 to Chapter 4) deal with the topics related to basic economic concepts. Next nine chapters (Chapter 5 to Chapter 13) are devoted to the topics related to Nepalese economy, while the last three chapters (Chapter 14 to Chapter 16) are ascribed to the topics related to quantitative techniques in economics.

The pedagogical aspects of this book are distinct from many other similar books. This book emphasizes on the following major pedagogical features in the teaching and learning process.

SPECIAL FEATURES The book contains some important and specific features in it. This book has been written by a team of experienced teachers who are involved in teaching either at various campuses of Tribhuvan University or at different 10+2 colleges. Rather than beginning a chapter in an instructional way, we have tried to motivate the students first by giving practical examples and posing problems.

CONCEPTUAL PICTURES Every chapter of this book begins with pictures related to the chapter. Such pictures give the summary of the chapter.

WARM UP ACTIVITIES Some warm up activities are included before starting the chapter to motivate the students.

THINGS TO REMEMBER Major definitions and key notes are written in TTR to make easy for readers.

WORKED OUT PROBLEMS Worked out problems are included in the case of statistics and mathematics.

CLASS AND HOME ASSIGNMENT Class work and home work assignment are included at the end of every topics.

SAMPLE ANSWER A hand written sample answer of HSEB 2070 has been included.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Every chapter of this book begins with learning objectives, which the readers are expected to achieve after they study the chapter.

CHAPTER SUMMARY The text of a chapter is followed by the chapter summary. The summary will help the readers to recapitulate the matters what they studied in the chapter.

KEY TERMS The meanings of important terms and concepts are given at the end of each chapter to facilitate the students with the meanings of such terms.

EXERCISES Review questions on the concerned topic are given at the end of each chapter so as to help the students practice to answer the questions for their examinations.